Mushure memakore anoda kusvika gumi ari mutungamiri wemubatanidzwa une simba kwazvo pasi rose, Secretary General weEU akagadzirira kupfuudza baton.
Humbowo hutsva hwakaburitswa neFrance neChitatu hunobatanidza hutongi hweSyria neKubvumbi 4 kurwiswa kwemakemikari kwakauraya vanhu vanopfuura makumi masere, kusanganisira vana vazhinji, uye zvakaita kuti Mutungamiriri wenyika, VaDonald Trump, varaire kurova panhandare yemhepo yeSyria.
Humbowo hutsva hwakaburitswa neFrance neChitatu hunobatanidza hutongi hweSyria neKubvumbi 4 kurwiswa kwemakemikari kwakauraya vanhu vanopfuura makumi masere, kusanganisira vana vazhinji, uye zvakaita kuti Mutungamiriri wenyika, VaDonald Trump, varaire kurova panhandare yemhepo yeSyria.
Humbowo hutsva, huri mugwaro remapeji matanhatu rakagadzirirwa nenjere dzeFrance, ndiyo yakadzama nhoroondo yeruzhinji yeSyria inonzi inoshandisa inouraya nerve agent sarin mukurwiswa kweguta reKhan Sheikhoun.
Chirevo cheFrance chinomutsa kusahadzika kutsva pamusoro pechokwadi chezvakaziviswa sechibvumirano chekare cheUS-Russia chezvombo zvemakemikari chakasainwa mukupera kwa2013 neMunyori weUnited States weUnited States John Kerry uye Gurukota rezvekunze reRussia Sergei Lavrov. Chibvumirano chinomisikidzwa senzira inoshanda yekubvisa "yakaziviswa" chirongwa cheSyria chezvombo zvemakemikari. France yakataurawo kuti Syria yanga ichitsvaga kuwana makumi ematani e-isopropyl doro, chinhu chakakosha mu sarin, kubvira 2014, kunyangwe chitsidzo chaGumiguru 2013 chekuparadza zvombo zvayo zvemakemikari.
"Ongororo yeFrance inopedzisa kuti kuchine kusahadzika kwakanyanya pamusoro pechokwadi, ruzivo uye kutendeseka kwekubviswa kwezvombo zvemakemikari yeSyria," gwaro rinodaro. "Kunyanya, France inotenda kuti zvisinei nekuzvipira kweSyria kuparadza zvese zvakachengetwa uye zvivakwa, yakaramba ichikwanisa kugadzira kana kuchengeta Sarin."
Zvakawanikwa neFrance, zvichibva pamasampuli ezvakatipoteredza akaunganidzwa kuKhan Sheikhoun uye sampu yeropa yakatorwa kubva kune mumwe wevakaurayiwa pazuva rekurwiswa, inotsigira US, UK, Turkish uye OPCW inotaura kuti Sarin gasi yakashandiswa muKhan Sheikhoun.
Asi vaFrench vanoenda zvakanyanya, vachireva kuti dambudziko re sarin rakashandiswa mukurwiswa kweKhan Sheikhoun ndiyo muenzaniso wakafanana wesarin yakaunganidzwa panguva yekurwisa kwehurumende yeSyria paguta reSarakib musi waApril 29, 2013. Mushure mekurwisa uku, France yakagamuchira kopi yegrenade yakasimba, isina kuputika ine 100 milliliters e sarin.
Sekureva kwebepanhau reFrance rakaburitswa neChitatu muParis neGurukota rezvekunze reFrance Jean-Marc Herault, chinhu chinoputika chemakemikari chakadonhedzwa kubva muchikopokopo uye "hurumende yeSyria inofanira kunge yakaishandisa mukurwisa Sarakib."
Kuongororwa kwegirinedhi kwakaratidza kurongeka kwekemikari hexamine, chikamu chakakosha chechirongwa chezvombo zvemakemikari eSyria. Maererano nemishumo yeFrance, Syrian Center for Scientific Research, iyo hurumende yezvombo zvemakemikari incubator, yakagadzira nzira yekuwedzera herotropin kune zvikamu zviviri zvikuru zve sarin, isopropanol uye methylphosphonodifluoride, kudzikamisa sarin uye kuwedzera kushanda kwayo.
Sekureva kwepepanhau reFrance, "sarin iripo muzvombo zvakashandiswa musi wa4 Kubvumbi yakagadzirwa pachishandiswa nzira imwe cheteyo yekugadzira yakashandiswa nehurumende yeSyria mukurwiswa kweSarin muSaraqib." "Uyezve, kuvapo kwehexamine kunoratidza kuti maitiro ekugadzira akagadzirwa neSyria nzvimbo yekutsvagisa."
"Aka ndekekutanga hurumende yenyika yakaratidza pachena kuti hurumende yeSyria yakashandisa hexamine kugadzira sarin, ichisimbisa fungidziro yave ichitenderera kwemakore anopfuura matatu," akadaro Dan Casetta, nyanzvi yezvombo zvemakemikari yeLondon uye aimbova mukuru weUS. Army Chemical Corps Officer Urotropine haina kuwanikwa mumapurojekiti e sarin mune dzimwe nyika.
"Kuvapo kweurotropin," akadaro, "inobatanidza zviitiko izvi zvese nesarin uye inozvibatanidza zvakanyanya nehurumende yeSyria."
"Mishumo yehungwaru yeFrance inopa humbowo hune hunyanzvi hwesainzi hunobatanidza hurumende yeSyria nekurwiswa kweKhan Sheikhoun sarin," akadaro Gregory Koblenz, director wechirongwa chekupedza kudzidza biodefense paGeorge Mason University. “
Iyo Syrian Research Center (SSRC) yakavambwa mukutanga 1970s kuti pakavanda kugadzira kemikari uye zvimwe zvisiri zvakajairika zvombo. Kare pakati pe-1980s, iyo CIA yaiti hutongi hweSyria hwaikwanisa kuburitsa anenge matani masere e sarin pamwedzi.
Hutongi hwaTrump, hwakaburitsa humbowo hudiki hwekubatanidzwa kweSyria mukurwiswa kweKhan Sheikhoun, svondo rino yakaranga vashandi ve271 SSRC mukutsiva kurwiswa uku.
Hurumende yeSyria inoramba kushandiswa kwesarin kana chero imwe chombo chemakemikari. Russia, mutsigiri mukuru weSyria, yakati kuburitswa kwezvinhu zvine chepfu muKhan Sheikhoun kwaive mhedzisiro yekurwiswa kwendege dzeSyria pamadhipatimendi ezvombo zvemakemikari.
Asi mapepanhau eFrance akapokana nezvaakataura, achiti "dzidziso yekuti mauto akashandisa tsinga kuti aite kurwisa kwaApril 4 haavimbike ... .
Nekutumira email yako, unobvumirana neChakavanzika Policy uye Mitemo Yekushandisa uye unogamuchira maemail kubva kwatiri. Unogona kubuda chero nguva.
Hurukuro idzi dzakapindwa nevaimbova mumiriri weAmerica, nyanzvi paIran, nyanzvi yeLibya uye aimbove chipangamazano kuBritish Conservative Party.
China, Russia nevamiriri vavo vane masimba vari kukonzera imwe mhirizhonga inotyisa mukondinendi yakakura kwazvo pasi rose.
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Nekunyoresa, ndinobvumirana neChakavanzika Policy uye Mitemo Yekushandisa, uye kugamuchira zvakakosha zvinopihwa kubva kunze kwenyika Policy nguva nenguva.
Mumakore mashoma apfuura, United States yakaita kudzikamisa kukura kweChina tekinoroji. Zvirango zvinotungamirwa neUS zvakaisa zvirambidzo zvisati zvamboitika pakuwana kweBeijing kune epamberi komputa. Mukupindura, China yakakurumidza kusimudzira indasitiri yayo yetekinoroji uye yakadzikisa kutsamira kwayo kune kunze kwenyika. Wang Dan, nyanzvi yehunyanzvi uye anoshanya paPaul Tsai China Center paYale Law School, anotenda kuti kukwikwidza kweChina kwehunyanzvi kunoenderana nekugona kugadzira. Dzimwe nguva zano reChina rinopfuura iro reUnited States. Iyi hondo itsva yeruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu iri kunangepi? Dzimwe nyika dzichakanganiswa sei? Vari kutsanangura sei hukama hwavo nemasimba makuru ehupfumi hwenyika? Joinha FP's Ravi Agrawal achitaura naWang nezve kusimuka kweChina tekinoroji uye kana kuita kweUS kuchinyatso kumisa.
Kwemakumi emakore, iyo US yekune dzimwe nyika mutemo yakaona India seanogona kudyidzana mukurwira masimba kweUS-China mudunhu reIndo-Pacific. B…ratidza zvimwe Ashley J. Tellis, agara achiongorora hukama hweUS-India, anoti zvinotarisirwa neWashington nezveNew Delhi hazvina kunaka. Muchinyorwa chakaparadzirwa zvakanyanya Zvekune dzimwe nyika, Tellis akapokana kuti White House inofanirwa kufunga zvakare zvayaitarisira kuIndia. Tellis ndizvo here? Tumira mibvunzo yako kuna Tellis uye FP Live mugamuchiri Ravi Agrawal kune hurukuro yakadzama pamberi pekushanya kweMutungamiriri weIndia Narendra Modi kuWhite House musi waChikumi 22.
Integrated circuit. microchip. semiconductor. Kana, sezvavanonyanya kuzivikanwa, machipisi. Ichi chidimbu chidiki chesilicon chinopa masimba nekutsanangura hupenyu hwedu hwazvino chine mazita mazhinji. F…ratidza zvimwe Kubva pamafoni emafoni kuenda kumota kusvika kumichina yekuwachisa, machipisi anotsigira nyika zhinji sezvatinozviziva. Izvo zvakakosha kune nzira iyo nzanga yemazuva ano inoshanda zvekuti ivo pamwe neketani yavo yese yekugovera vave musimboti wemakwikwi ezvematongerwo enyika. Nekudaro, kusiyana nehumwe matekinoroji, iwo epamusoro-ekupedzisira machipisi haagone kugadzirwa nemunhu wese. Iyo Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) inodzora inosvika makumi mapfumbamwe muzana yemusika wepamusoro chip, uye hapana imwe kambani kana nyika inoita kunge iri kubata. asi nei? Chii chinonzi TSMC's Secret Sauce? Chii chinoita kuti semiconductor yayo yakakosha? Sei izvi zvakakosha kuhupfumi hwenyika uye geopolitics? Kuti uzive, Ravi Agrawal weFP akabvunzurudza Chris Miller, munyori weChip War: The Fight for the World's Most Critical Technology. Miller zvakare Mubatsiri Purofesa weInternational History paFletcher Chikoro cheTufts University.
Kurwira chigaro paUN Security Council kwachinja kuita mhirizhonga pakati peRussia nenyika.