Kusangana kwemakemikari kuri kuitika kwese kwese kwakatipoteredza nguva dzese—zviri pachena kana uchifunga nezvazvo, asi vangani vedu vanozviita patinotanga mota, patinobika zai, kana kuti patinoisa fetereza pahuswa hwedu?
Nyanzvi yemakemikari Richard Kong anga achifunga nezvemaitiro emakemikari. Mubasa rake se "nyanzvi yeinjiniya yekurira", sezvaanotaura iye pachake, haangofariri maitiro anomuka maari chete, asiwo kukurudzira matsva.
Semudzidzi weKlarman muChemistry neChemical Biology kuKoreji yeArts and Sciences, Kong anoshanda kugadzira zvinhu zvinosimudzira mashandiro emakemikari kusvika pamhedzisiro inodiwa, achigadzira zvigadzirwa zvakachengeteka uye zvinotowedzera kukosha, kusanganisira izvo zvinogona kuva nemhedzisiro yakanaka pahutano hwemunhu. Chitatu.
"Kuwanda kwemakemikari kunoitika pasina rubatsiro," akadaro Kong, achitaura nezvekuburitswa kwecarbon dioxide kana mota dzichipisa mafuta efossil. "Asi mamwe maitiro akaomarara uye akaomarara emakemikari haangoitiki ega. Apa ndipo panotanga kushandiswa makemikari."
Kong nevamwe vake vakagadzira chinhu chinobatsira kutungamira maitiro avaida, uye zvakaitika. Semuenzaniso, kabhoni dhayokisaidhi inogona kushandurwa kuita formic acid, methanol, kana formaldehyde nekusarudza chinhu chinobatsira kushandura makemikari uye kuyedza mamiriro ezvinhu ekuita.
Maitiro aKong anoenderana zvakanaka nemaitiro aLancaster ekuti "anobva pakutsvaga," akadaro Kyle Lancaster, purofesa wekemesitiri nekemikari biology (A&S) nevadzidzisi veKong. "Richard aive nepfungwa yekushandisa tin kuvandudza kemesitiri yake, iyo isina kumbobvira yamboonekwa muchinyorwa changu," akadaro Lancaster. "Ichi chinhu chinokurudzira kushandurwa kwekabhoni dhayiokisijeni kuita chimwe chinhu chinokosha, uye kabhoni dhayiokisijeni inowana kudzvanywa kwakawanda kwakaipa."
Kong nevamwe vake munguva pfupi yapfuura vakawana nzira iyo, pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, inogona kushandura kabhoni dhayokisaidhi kuita formic acid.
"Kunyange zvazvo pari zvino tisiri pedyo nekuita zvinhu zviri kuitika, hurongwa hwedu hunogona kugadziriswa zvakanyanya," akadaro Kong. "Saka tinogona kutanga kunzwisisa zvakadzama kuti sei mamwe ma catalyst achishanda nekukurumidza kupfuura mamwe, nei mamwe ma catalyst ari nani. Tinogona kugadzirisa ma parameter ema catalyst toedza kunzwisisa chinoita kuti zvinhu izvi zvishande nekukurumidza, nekuti kana zvichishanda nekukurumidza, zviri nani - unogona kugadzira mamorekuru nekukurumidza."
Semunhu weKlarman Fellow, Kong ari kushandawo kushandura nitrates, chepfu dzinowanikwa mumvura, kubva munzvimbo yakatenderedza kuita chinhu chisina njodzi, anodaro.
Kong akaedza kushandisa simbi dzepasi dzakadai searuminiyamu netini sezvinhu zvinokonzeresa kucheneswa kwezvinhu. Simbi idzi dzakachipa, hadzina chepfu uye dzakawanda muvhu, saka kudzishandisa hakuzokonzere matambudziko ekuchengetedza nharaunda, akadaro.
"Tiri kutsvagawo magadzirirwo ekugadzira macatalyst apo maviri esimbi idzi anoshanda pamwe chete," akadaro Kong. "Nekushandisa simbi mbiri muchimiro, mhando dzipi dzemhinduro nemibvunzo inonakidza yatinogona kuwana kubva kumasisitimu e-bimetallic?" "chemical reaction?"
Sekureva kwaKong, scaffolding inzvimbo yemakemikari inogara simbi idzi.
Kwemakore makumi manomwe apfuura, tsika yagara iri yekushandisa nzvimbo imwe chete yesimbi kuti ishandurwe nemakemikari, asi mumakore gumi apfuura, nyanzvi dzemakemikari dziri mumunda uyu dzakatanga kuongorora kudyidzana pakati pesimbi mbiri dzakabatana nemakemikari kana dzakabatana. Kong akati, "Zvinokupa rusununguko rwakawanda."
Kong anoti ma "bimetallic catalysts" aya anopa machemist mukana wekubatanidza ma "metal catalysts" zvichienderana nesimba rawo uye kusasimba kwawo. Semuenzaniso, "metal center" isingabatanidzi zvakanaka kune substrate asi ichityora bond zvakanaka inogona kushanda neimwe center yesimbi isingabatanidzi zvakanaka asi ichinyatsobatana ne substrate. Kuvapo kwe "second metal" kunokanganisawo hunhu hwe "first metal".
"Unogona kutanga kuwana zvatinoti mhedzisiro yekubatana pakati penzvimbo mbiri dzesimbi," akadaro Kong. "Mamwe maitiro akasiyana uye anoshamisa ari kutanga kubuda mumunda we bimetallic catalysis."
Kong akati kuchine kusava nechokwadi kukuru pamusoro pekuti simbi dzinobatana sei muchimiro chemamorekuru. Akafarawo nekunaka kwekemikari pachayo sezvaakaitawo nemhedzisiro yacho. Kong akaunzwa kuLancaster's laboratory nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwavo muX-ray spectroscopy.
"Iyi ishamwari imwe chete," akadaro Lancaster. "X-ray spectroscopy yakabatsira Richard kunzwisisa zvaiva pasi pehood uye chii chakaita kuti tin ive inoshanda zvakanyanya uye ikwanise kuita izvi. Tinobatsirwa neruzivo rwake rwakakura rwemakemikari makuru, ayo akavhurwa mumunda mutsva."
Zvese zvinoenderana nekemesitiri yekutanga nekutsvaga, nzira yakagoneswa neOpen Klarman Fellowship, akadaro Kong.
"Kazhinji ndinogona kuita kuti reaction iitike murabhoritari kana kugara pakombuta ndichitevedzera molekyuru," akadaro. "Tiri kuedza kuwana mufananidzo wakakwana wekushanda kwemakemikari sezvinobvira."