Chicherwa chevhu chakapararira zvakanyanya, α-iron-(III) oxyhydroxide, chakawanikwa chichigona kudzokororwazve mukuderedzwa kwecarbon dioxide kuita formic acid.Chikwereti: Prof. Kazuhiko Maeda
Kuderedzwa kweCO2 kuita mafuta anotakurwa akadai seformic acid (HCOOH) inzira yakanaka yekurwisa kukwira kwemazinga eCO2 mumhepo. Kuti vabatsire nebasa iri, timu yekutsvagisa paTokyo Institute of Technology yakasarudza chicherwa chinowanikwa zviri nyore uye chakaiswa parubatsiro rwealumina kuti chigadzire catalyst inogona kushandura CO2 kuita HCOOH zvinobudirira, inenge 90% sarudzo!
Mota dzemagetsi dzinokwezva vanhu vazhinji, uye chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti hadzina utsi hwecarbon. Zvisinei, dambudziko guru kune vazhinji nderekuti hadzina nzvimbo yadzinobuda uye nguva refu yekuchaja. Apa ndipo panobatsira mafuta emvura akaita sepeturu. Simba radzo guru rinoreva nzvimbo refu uye kukurumidza kuwedzera mafuta.
Kuchinja kubva papeturu kana dhiziri kuenda kune rimwe mafuta emvura kunogona kubvisa kuburitswa kwekabhoni ukuwo kuchichengetedza zvakanakira mafuta emvura. Semuenzaniso, mu fuel cell, formic acid inogona kupa simba kuinjini uku ichiburitsa mvura necarbon dioxide. Zvisinei, kana formic acid ikagadzirwa nekuderedza CO2 yemhepo kuenda kuHCOOH, saka mvura ndiyo chete inobuda.
Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekabhoni dhayiokisijeni mumhepo yedu uye mupiro wavo mukudziya kwepasi rose zvava nhau dzakajairika. Sezvo vaongorori vakaedza nzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzirisa dambudziko iri, mhinduro inoshanda yakabuda—kushandura kabhoni dhayiokisijeni yakawandisa mumhepo kuita makemikari ane simba rakawanda.
Kugadzirwa kwemafuta akadai se formic acid (HCOOH) ne photoreduction ye CO2 muzuva kwakakwezva vanhu vakawanda munguva pfupi yapfuura nekuti maitiro aya ane mabhenefiti maviri: anoderedza kuburitswa kwe CO2 yakawandisa uye anobatsirawo kuderedza kushomeka kwesimba ratinotarisana naro parizvino. Semutakuri akanaka wehydrogen ine simba rakawanda, HCOOH inogona kupa simba kuburikidza nekupisa uku ichiburitsa mvura chete sechikamu chekuwedzera.
Kuti mhinduro iyi ibudirire, masayendisiti akagadzira masisitimu ekugadzira chiedza anoderedza kabhoni dhayokisaidhi nerubatsiro rwezuva. Sisitimu iyi ine substrate inonwisa chiedza (kureva, photosensitizer) uye catalyst inogonesa kutamiswa kwemaerekitironi akawanda anodiwa kuti CO2 ideredzwe kuenda kuHCOOH. Saka vakatanga kutsvaga macatalyst akakodzera uye anoshanda!
Kuderedzwa kwecarbon dioxide ne photocatalytic uchishandisa infographics inowanzoshandiswa. Credit: Purofesa Kazuhiko Maeda
Nekuda kwekushanda kwavo zvakanaka uye kugona kudzokorodza, ma catalysts akasimba anoonekwa seanonyanya kukodzera basa iri, uye mumakore apfuura, kugona kwe catalytic kwe cobalt, manganese, nickel uye iron-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) akawanda kwakaongororwa, pakati pawo. Yekupedzisira ine zvimwe zvakanakira kupfuura dzimwe simbi. Zvisinei, ma catalysts mazhinji akavakirwa pasimbi akataurwa kusvika pari zvino anongogadzira carbon monoxide sechigadzirwa chikuru, kwete HCOOH.
Zvisinei, dambudziko iri rakagadziriswa nekukurumidza nechikwata chevaongorori vepaTokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech) vachitungamirwa naProfessor Kazuhiko Maeda. Muongororo yakaitwa munguva pfupi yapfuura mumagazini yemakemikari inonzi Angewandte Chemie, chikwata ichi chakaratidza catalyst inotsigirwa nesimbi ine alumina (Al2O3) ichishandisa α-iron(III) oxyhydroxide (α-FeO​​​ OH; geothite). Catalyst itsva iyi α-FeO​​​OH/Al2O3 inoratidza kushanda kwakanaka kweCO2 kuenda kuHCOOH uye kugona kudzokorodza kwakanaka. Pavakabvunzwa nezvesarudzo yavo yecatalyst, Professor Maeda vakati: "Tinoda kutsvaga zvinhu zvakawanda secatalysts muCO2 photoreduction systems. Tinoda catalyst yakasimba inoshanda, inogona kudzokorodzwa, isina chepfu uye isingadhuri. Ndosaka takasarudza zvicherwa zvevhu zvakapararira zvakanyanya senge goethite pakuedza kwedu."
Chikwata ichi chakashandisa nzira iri nyore yekuisa mudumbu kuti chigadzire catalyst yavo. Vakabva vashandisa zvinhu zveAl2O3 zvinotsigirwa nesimbi kuderedza CO2 patembiricha yemumba paine ruthenium-based (Ru) photosensitizer, electron donor, uye chiedza chinoonekwa chine mawavelengths anopfuura 400 nanometers.
Mhedzisiro yacho inokurudzira zvikuru. Kusarudzwa kwesystem yavo yechigadzirwa chikuru cheHCOOH kwaive 80–90% negoho re quantum re4.3% (zvichiratidza kushanda zvakanaka kwesystem).
Chidzidzo ichi chinopa catalyst yekutanga yerudzi rwayo yesimbi inogona kugadzira HCOOH kana yakabatana ne photosensitizer inoshanda. Chinokurukurawo kukosha kwezvinhu zvakakodzera zvekutsigira (Al2O3) uye mhedzisiro yayo pakuita kwekuderedza photochemical.
Ruzivo kubva mukutsvagurudza uku runogona kubatsira kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva zvisina simbi zvinoderedza carbon dioxide kuita mamwe makemikari anobatsira. "Tsvagurudzo yedu inoratidza kuti nzira yekubudirira mukuchengetedza simba rekuchengetedza haina kuoma. Kunyangwe nzira dziri nyore dzekugadzirira zvinhu zvinogona kupa mhedzisiro yakanaka, uye zvinozivikanwa kuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvine ivhu, kana zvikatsigirwa nezvinhu zvakaita sealumina, zvinogona kushandiswa sechinhu chinosimudzira kuderedzwa kweCO2," vanopedzisa kudaro Prof. Maeda.
Zvinyorwa: "Alumina-Supported Alpha-Iron (III) Oxyhydroxide seRecyclable Solid Catalyst ye CO2 Photoreduction pasi peChiedza Chinooneka" naDaehyeon An, Dr. Shunta Nishioka, Dr. Shuhei Yasuda, Dr. Tomoki Kanazawa, Dr. Yoshinobu Kamakura, Prof. Kazuhiko Maeda, 12 May 2022, Angewandte Chemie.DOI: 10.1002 / anie.202204948
"Ndipo panobatsira mafuta emvura akaita sepeturu. Simba rawo guru rinoreva kuti anogona kufamba kwenguva refu uye kukurumidza kuwedzera mafuta."
Ko mamwe manhamba? Simba re formic acid rinoenzaniswa sei nepeturu? Neatomu imwe chete yekabhoni mufomura yemakemikari, handifungi kuti ingatosvika padyo nepeturu.
Pamusoro pezvo, kunhuhwirira kwacho kune chepfu uye, seasidhi, kunoparadza kupfuura peturu. Izvi hazvisi matambudziko einjiniya asingagadzirisike, asi kunze kwekunge formic acid ichipa mabhenefiti makuru mukuwedzera huwandu hwemhepo uye kuderedza nguva yekuzadza mabhatiri, pamwe hazvina kukodzera kuedza.
Dai vakaronga kubvisa goethite muvhu, zvaizova basa rekuchera rinoda simba rakawanda uye rinogona kukanganisa nharaunda.
Vangataura nezve goethite yakawanda muvhu sezvo ndinofungidzira kuti zvinoda simba rakawanda kuti zvinhu zvekugadzira zviwanikwe uye zviitwe kuti zvigadzire goethite.
Zvakakosha kutarisa hupenyu hwese hwemaitiro acho uye kuverenga mutengo wesimba rezvinhu zvese. NASA haina kuwana chinhu chakadai sekuburitswa kwemahara. Vamwe vanofanira kurangarira izvi.
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