Majini ane chekuita nekushanda kwemuviri wemunhu ane maitiro asina kujairika ekuratidza zviratidzo muuropi hwevanhu vane mamwe matambudziko etsinga nepfungwa, kusanganisira autism, zvichienderana neongororo itsva yezviuru zvemasampuli europi mushure mekufa.
Pamajini ekudzivirira muviri anosvika 1,275 akadzidzwa, 765 (60%) airatidzwa zvakanyanya kana kuti pasi muuropi hwevanhu vakuru vane chimwe chezvirwere zvitanhatu: autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, Alzheimer's disease, kana Parkinson's disease. Maitiro aya ekutaura anosiyana zvichienderana nechiitiko, zvichiratidza kuti chimwe nechimwe chine "zviratidzo" zvakasiyana, akadaro muongorori mukuru Chunyu Liu, purofesa wezvepfungwa nesainzi yemaitiro paNorthern State Medical University muSyracuse, New York.
Sekureva kwaLiu, kuratidzwa kwemajini ekudzivirira muviri kunogona kushanda sechiratidzo chekuzvimba. Kushanda kwemuviri uku, kunyanya mudumbu, kunobatanidzwa ne autism, kunyange hazvo nzira iyo inoitika nayo isiri pachena.
"Ndinofunga kuti masoja emuviri ane basa guru muzvirwere zvepfungwa," akadaro Liu. "Iye mutambi mukuru."
Christopher Coe, purofesa wezvepfungwa dzezvebhayoloji paYunivhesiti yeWisconsin-Madison, uyo asina kubatanidzwa muchidzidzo ichi, akati hazvina kukwanisika kunzwisisa kubva muchidzidzo ichi kana kushanda kwemuviri wemunhu kuchikonzeresa chirwere chipi zvacho kana chirwere chacho pachacho. Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nekuchinja mukushanda kwemuviri wemunhu.
Liu nechikwata chake vakaongorora huwandu hwemajini ekudzivirira muviri anosvika 1,275 mumasampuli europi e2,467 mushure mekufa, kusanganisira vanhu 103 vane autism uye vanhu 1,178 vanodzorwa. Data rakawanikwa kubva kumadatabase maviri etranscriptome, ArrayExpress neGene Expression Omnibus, pamwe chete nedzimwe ongororo dzakamboburitswa.
Avhareji yehuwandu hwemajini 275 muuropi hwevarwere vane autism yakasiyana neiri muboka rekutonga; Uropi hwevarwere vane Alzheimer hune majini 638 anoratidzwa zvakasiyana, achiteverwa neschizophrenia (220), Parkinson's (97), bipolar (58), uye depression (27).
Mazinga ekutaura kwemunhurume ane autism akasiyana zvakanyanya kupfuura evakadzi vane autism, uye pfungwa dzevakadzi vane autism dzakasiyana zvakanyanya kupfuura dzevarume vane autism. Zvimwe zvirwere zvina zvakasara hazvina kuratidza mutsauko pakati pevanhurume nevanhukadzi.
Maitiro ekutaura ane chekuita ne autism anonyanya kuyeuchidza nezvezvirwere zvetsinga zvakaita seAlzheimer's neParkinson's kupfuura zvimwe zvirwere zvepfungwa. Maererano netsanangudzo, zvirwere zvetsinga zvinofanira kunge zvine hunhu hwehuropi hunozivikanwa, senge kurasikirwa kwe dopaminergic neurons muchirwere cheParkinson's. Vaongorori havasati vatsanangura hunhu uhwu hwe autism.
"Kufanana uku kunopa imwe nzira yatinofanira kuongorora," akadaro Liu. "Pamwe rimwe zuva tichanzwisisa zviri nani pathology."
Majini maviri, CRH neTAC1, aiwanzo shandurwa muzvirwere izvi: CRH yakaderedzwa muzvirwere zvese kunze kwechirwere cheParkinson, uye TAC1 yakaderedzwa muzvirwere zvese kunze kwekuora mwoyo. Majini ese ari maviri anokanganisa kushanda kwe microglia, masero ekudzivirira muviri europi.
Coe akati kushanda kwe microglia kusingawanzoitiki kunogona "kukanganisa kuumbwa kwetsinga dzeropa ne synaptogenesis," zvichikanganisawo mashandiro etsinga dzeropa pasi pemamiriro akasiyana-siyana.
Ongororo yakaitwa muna 2018 yehuropi hwemunhu mushure mekufa yakawana kuti majini ane chekuita neastrocytes uye mashandiro esynaptic anoratidzwa zvakaenzana muvanhu vane autism, schizophrenia, kana bipolar disorder. Asi ongororo iyi yakawana kuti majini e microglial aingoratidzwa zvakanyanya muvarwere vane autism.
Vanhu vane majini akawanda ekudzivirira muviri vanogona kunge vaine "chirwere chepfungwa chinozvimba," akadaro Michael Benros, mutungamiri wechidzidzo uye purofesa wezvepfungwa dzezvebhayoloji nekuongorora kwakarurama paYunivhesiti yeCopenhagen muDenmark, uyo asina kubatanidzwa mubasa iri.
"Zvingave zvinonakidza kuedza kuona mapoka aya anogona kuvepo uye kuvapa mishonga chaiyo," akadaro Benroth.
Ongororo iyi yakawana kuti shanduko zhinji dzekutaura dzakaonekwa mumienzaniso yenyama yeuropi hadzina kuwanikwa mudataseti yemagene expression patterns muropa revanhu vane chirwere chimwe chete. Zvakawanikwa "zvisingatarisirwi" zvinoratidza kukosha kwekudzidza kurongeka kweuropi, akadaro Cynthia Schumann, purofesa wezvepfungwa nesainzi yemaitiro paMIND Institute paUC Davis, uyo asina kubatanidzwa muchidzidzo ichi.
Liu nechikwata chake vari kugadzira mamodheru emasero kuti vanzwisise zviri nani kana kuzvimba kuri kukonzera chirwere cheuropi.
Nyaya iyi yakatanga kuburitswa paSpectrum, iyo webhusaiti inotungamira mukutsvaga nhau dze autism. Taura nyaya iyi: https://doi.org/10.53053/UWCJ7407