Zvishongo zveMelamine zvinokutendera kuti ugare padheki rako usinganetseki nekukuvadza midziyo yako yakanaka. Tsvaga kuti midziyo iyi inoshanda yakava sei yakakosha pakudya kwezuva nezuva muma1950s zvichienda mberi.
Leanne Potts mutori wenhau akahwina mibairo uyo ave achinyora nezvekugadzira nedzimba kwemakore makumi matatu. Inyanzvi pazvinhu zvese kubva pakusarudza ruvara rweimba kusvika pakurima matomatisi ekare kusvika pamavambo ekugadzirwa kwemukati meimba. Mabasa ake akaonekwa paHGTV, Parade, BHG, Travel Channel naBob Vila.
Marcus Reeves munyori ane ruzivo, muparidzi, uye muongorori wechokwadi. Akatanga kunyora mishumo yemagazini yeThe Source. Basa rake rakabuda muThe New York Times, Playboy, The Washington Post naRolling Stone, pamwe nemamwe mabhuku. Bhuku rake, Someone Screamed: The Rise of Rap in the Black Power Aftershock, rakasarudzwa kuti riwane mubairo weZora Neale Hurston Award. Iye inhengo yedhipatimendi paNew York University, kwaanodzidzisa kunyora nekutaurirana. Marcus akawana dhigirii rake reBachelor kubva kuRutgers University muNew Brunswick, New Jersey.
MuAmerica mushure mehondo, nharaunda yevanhu vepakati nepakati yaizivikanwa nekudya kwemanheru papatio, vana vazhinji, uye kuungana kwausingafungi kuenda kunodya nechina yakanaka uye machira etafura anorema edamask. Pane kudaro, midziyo yekucheka yaifarirwa panguva iyoyo yaive midziyo yepurasitiki, kunyanya iyo yakagadzirwa nemelamine.
"Melamine inonyatsokodzera mararamiro aya ezuva nezuva," anodaro Dr. Anna Ruth Gatling, mubatsiri wepurofesa wekugadzira mukati meimba paAuburn University anodzidzisa kosi pamusoro penhoroondo yekugadzira mukati meimba.
Melamine ipurasitiki yakagadzirwa nekemisiti wekuGermany Justus von Liebig muma1830. Zvisinei, sezvo zvinhu zvaidhura kugadzira uye von Liebig asina kumbobvira asarudza zvekuita nechinhu chake chitsva, chakagara kwenguva yakareba. Muma1930, kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kwakaita kuti melamine isanyanya kudhura kugadzira, saka vagadziri vakatanga kufunga nezvekugadzira kubva mairi, pakupedzisira vachiona kuti rudzi urwu rwepurasitiki yethermoset rwaigona kupiswa nekuumbwa kuita ndiro dzekudya dzinodhura, dzinogadzirwa nevanhu vakawanda.
Pakutanga kwayo, American Cyanamid iri kuNew Jersey yaive imwe yemakambani anotungamira mukugadzira nekuparadzira upfu hwemelamine kuindasitiri yepurasitiki. Vakanyoresa purasitiki yavo yemelamine pasi pechiratidzo chekutengeserana che "Melmac". Kunyangwe ichi chigadzirwa chichishandiswawo kugadzira mabhokisi ewachi, mibato yechitofu uye mibato yefenicha, inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira ndiro dzetafura.
Midziyo yeMelamine yakashandiswa zvakanyanya munguva yeHondo Yenyika II uye yakagadzirwa zvakanyanya kumasoja, zvikoro, nezvipatara. Nekushomeka kwesimbi nezvimwe zvinhu, mapurasitiki matsva anoonekwa sezvinhu zveramangwana. Kusiyana nemamwe mapurasitiki ekutanga akadai seBakelite, melamine inogara kwenguva refu uye inogara kwenguva refu zvekuti inogona kutsungirira kugezwa nguva dzose nekupisa.
Mushure mehondo, midziyo yekubikira yemelamine yakapinda mudzimba dzakawanda. "Muma1940 kwaive nemafekitori matatu makuru emelamine, asi pakazosvika ma1950 kwaive nemazana," akadaro Gatlin. Mamwe emhando dzakakurumbira dzemidziyo yekubikira yemelamine anosanganisira Branchell, Texas Ware, Lenox Ware, Prolon, Mar-crest, Boontonware, uye Raffia Ware.
Mamiriyoni evaAmerica pavakatamira kunzvimbo dziri pedyo neguta mushure mekubudirira kwehupfumi mushure mehondo, vakatenga ma seti e melamine dinnerware kuti aenderane nemisha yavo mitsva nemararamiro avo. Kugara patio kwave pfungwa itsva yakakurumbira, uye mhuri dzinoda midziyo yepurasitiki isingadhuri inogona kuendeswa panze. Munguva yekubudirira kwekukura kwevana, melamine yaive chinhu chakakodzera nguva iyoyo. "Ndiro hadzina kujairika uye haufanirwe kungwarira," akadaro Gatlin. "Unogona kudzirasa!"
Kushambadzira kubva panguva iyoyo kwairumbidzwa neMelmac cooking midziyo yesimbi sepurasitiki yemashiripiti ye "kurarama usina hanya netsika dzechinyakare." Imwe kushambadzira yeBranchell's Color-Flyte line kubva kuma1950 yakataura kuti midziyo yekubikira "yaive nechokwadi chekuti haizopwanyike, haipwanyike kana kutyoka." Mavara akakurumbira anosanganisira pink, bhuruu, turquoise, mint, yero nechena, ine maumbirwo ejometri akajeka muchimiro chemaruva kana atomu.
"Kubudirira kwema1950 kwakanga kwakasiyana nemamwe makore gumi," akadaro Gatlin. Tariro yenguva iyoyo inoratidzwa nemavara akajeka uye maumbirwo ezvikafu izvi, akadaro. "Zvishongo zveMelamine zvine maumbirwo ese epakati pezana remakore, senge ndiro dzakatetepa uye zvibato zvidiki zvekapu zvakanaka, zvinoita kuti zvive zvakasiyana," anodaro Gatlin. Vatengi vanokurudzirwa kusanganisa nekubatanidza mavara kuti vawedzere hunyanzvi uye magadzirirwo ekushongedza.
Chinhu chakanakisa ndechekuti Melmac inodhura zvishoma: seti yevanhu vana yaidhura madhora gumi nemashanu muma1950 uye pari zvino inosvika madhora zana nemakumi manomwe nemashanu. "Havasi vanokosha," akadaro Gatlin. "Unogona kugamuchira mafashoni uye kuratidza hunhu hwako nekuti une sarudzo yekuatsiva mushure memakore mashoma uye kuwana mavara matsva."
Dhizaini yemidziyo yekubikira yemelamine inonakidzawo. MuAmerican Cyanamid akabhadhara mugadziri wemaindasitiri Russell Wright, uyo akaunza zvemazuva ano patafura yeAmerica nemidziyo yake yekubikira yeAmerican Modern kubva kuSteubenville Pottery Company, kuti ashandise mashiripiti ake nemidziyo yekubikira yepurasitiki. Wright akagadzira midziyo yekubikira yeMelmac yeNorthern Plastics Company, iyo yakahwina mubairo weMuseum of Modern Art nekuda kwekugadzira kwakanaka muna 1953. Muunganidzwa uyu wainzi "Home" waive mumwe wemiunganidzwa yakakurumbira yaMelmac yema1950.
Muma1970, michina yekuwachisa ndiro nema microwave zvakava zvinhu zvinokosha mumakicheni ekuAmerica, uye midziyo yekubikisa yemelamine yakarasikirwa nekushandiswa. Purasitiki inoshamisa yemakore ekuma1950 yakanga isina kuchengetedzeka kushandiswa mumidziyo yekubikisa uye yakatsiviwa naCorelle sesarudzo iri nani yemidziyo yekubikisa yemazuva ese.
Zvisinei, mukutanga kwema2000, melamine yakawana kuvandudzwa pamwe chete nemidziyo yemazuva ano yepakati pezana remakore. Nhevedzano yekutanga yema1950 yakava zvinhu zvemuunganidzi uye mhando itsva yemidziyo yekudya yemelamine yakagadzirwa.
Kuchinja kwehunyanzvi pakugadzira melamine kunoita kuti ishandiswe muchina wekugezesa ndiro uye kunoita kuti ive itsva. Panguva imwe chete, kufarira kuri kukura mukuchengetedza zvinhu kwaita kuti melamine ive imwe nzira inozivikanwa panzvimbo pemaplate anoraswa anozopedzisira aiswa mumarara mushure mekushandiswa kamwe chete.
Zvisinei, maererano neUS Food and Drug Administration, melamine haisati yakwana pakudziisa mu microwave, zvichideredza kumuka kwayo, yekare neitsva.
"Munguva ino yekurerukirwa, kusiyana netsananguro yemakore ekuma1950 yekurerukirwa, midziyo yekare yekudya yemelamine haigone kushandiswa zuva nezuva," akadaro Gatlin. Bata midziyo yekudyira yemakore ekuma1950 yakasimba nekuchenjera kwakafanana kwaungaite nemidziyo yekare. Muzana remakore rechi21, mapurasitiki anogona kuva zvinhu zvinokosha zvinounganidzwa, uye melamine yekare inogona kuva china chakanaka.