Musi wa20 Kubvumbi, 2023, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) yakazivisa kuburitswa kwemutemo wakarongwa pasi peChikamu 6(a) cheToxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) unorambidza kushandiswa kwemethylene chloride zvakanyanya. EPA yakati kuongororwa kwayo kwenjodzi isina humbowo kwedichloromethane kwakakonzerwa nenjodzi dzine chekuita nevashandi, vasiri vashandisi vehunyanzvi (ONUs), vatengi, uye avo vari pedyo nekushandiswa nevatengi. Environmental Protection Agency yakaona njodzi yemigumisiro yakaipa pahutano hwevanhu kubva mukufemerwa uye kusvibiswa neganda nemethylene chloride, kusanganisira chepfu muuropi, migumisiro pachiropa, nekenza. EPA yakati mutemo wayo wekutarisira njodzi "uchaderedza nekukurumidza" kugadzirwa, kugadziriswa uye kugoverwa kwemethylene chloride kune ese mashandisirwo evatengi nemaindasitiri nemabhizinesi, mazhinji acho achazadzikiswa zvizere mukati memwedzi gumi nemishanu. EPA yakaona kuti pakushandiswa kwakawanda kwemethylene chloride, ichakurudzira kurambidzwa. Ongororo yakaratidza kuti dzimwe nzira dzezvigadzirwa zvemethylene chloride dzine mutengo wakafanana uye kushanda kwakafanana dzinowanikwa. Kana mutemo wakarongwa waburitswa muFederal Register, nguva yekutaura yemazuva makumi matanhatu ichatanga.
Pasi pegwaro remutemo wakarongwa pasi peTSCA Chikamu 6(b), EPA yakaona kuti methylene chloride inokonzera njodzi isina musoro yekukuvadzwa kwehutano, zvisinei nemutengo kana zvimwe zvinhu zvisiri njodzi, kusanganisira njodzi isina musoro mumamiriro ekushandiswa (COU) kune avo vanozivikanwa sevanogona kuve pachena kana kuti vari nyore kuedzwa kwengozi yemethylene chloride muna 2020. Kuti vabvise njodzi isina musoro, EPA inokurudzira, zvichienderana neChikamu 6(a) cheTSCA:
EPA inotaura kuti maTSCA COU ese e dichloromethane (kunze kwekushandiswa kwayo mumapendi evatengi nekubvisa pendi, ayo anoshanda zvakasiyana pasi peTSCA Section 6 (84 Fed. Reg. 11420, Kurume 27, 2019)) anofanirwa kupihwa. Sekureva kweEPA, TSCA inotsanangura maCOU semamiriro ezvinhu anotarisirwa, anozivikanwa, kana anogona kufanotaurwa apo kemikari inogadzirwa, inogadziriswa, inogoverwa, inoshandiswa, kana kuraswa kwezvinangwa zvekutengeserana. EPA iri kukumbira veruzhinji kuti vape pfungwa dzavo pamusoro pezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvechirongwa ichi.
Sekureva kwezvakataurwa neEPA, EPA yakabvunzana neOccupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) mukugadzira mutemo wakarongwa "uye yakafunga nezvezvinodiwa neOSHA zviripo mukugadzira zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza vashandi zvakarongwa." kuti vabvise njodzi dzisina musoro. Vashandirwi vachave negore rimwe chete rekutevedzera WCPP mushure mekunge EPA yaburitsa mitemo yekupedzisira yekugadzirisa njodzi uye vachafanirwa kutarisa nzvimbo dzavo dzebasa nguva nenguva kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti vashandi havasi kusangana nemethylene chloride, iyo inogona kukonzera njodzi isina musoro.
EPA "inodaidza veruzhinji kuti vaongorore mutemo wakarongwa uye vape zvavanofunga." EPA yakati "inonyanya kufarira kunzwa maonero emasangano anodiwa kuti aite chirongwa chakarongwa pamusoro pekugona uye kushanda kwezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedzwa kwevashandi zvakarongwa." EPA, ichaita webinar yakavhurika yevashandirwi nevashandi mumavhiki anotevera, "asi ichave inobatsira kune chero ani zvake ari kutsvaga ongororo yematanho ekutonga akarongwa ekukurukura zvirongwa zvakarongwa." .
Bergeson & Campbell, PC (B&C®) vanofanotaura mafambiro ematanho ekudzora methylene chloride anokurudzirwa neEPA uye sarudzo huru dzekudzora. Mutemo weEPA unoenderana nemazano awo mumutemo wekutarisira njodzi wechrysotile, kusanganisira matanho ekutonga anokurudzirwa ekurambidza kushandiswa, dzimwe nzira dzekutonga dzakakosha dzekushandiswa kwenguva pfupi pasi peTSCA Chikamu 6(g) (semuenzaniso, kuchengetedzeka kwenyika uye zvivakwa zvakakosha) uye vanokurudzira miganhu yekushandiswa kwemakemikari (ECELs) iri pasi pemiganhu yekushandiswa kwemakemikari pabasa. Pazasi, tinopfupikisa nyaya dzinoverengeka dzinofanirwa kufungwa nenhengo dzenharaunda inodzorwa pavanenge vachigadzirira mhinduro dzeveruzhinji pamitemo yekunyora yakarongwa, uye tinoyeuchidza munhu wese nezvekukosha kwekubatana neEPA pakutanga muzvirongwa zvisiri zvemutemo zvekupa ruzivo nezvemabasa ekutonga mumamiriro ezvinhu. Mitemo, kusanganisira TSCA.
Tichifunga nezvegwara idzva reEPA rine nzira ye "makemikari akazara", hatishamisike kuona kuti danho reEPA rekutonga ndere "kurambidza kushandiswa kwakawanda kwe dichloromethane mumaindasitiri nemabhizimisi." Zvisinei, EPA inopa imwe nzira huru yekutonga kubvumira kushandiswa kwakarambidzwa kwakarongwa kuti kurambe kuchienderana nekutevedzwa kweWCPP. Tinotaura izvi nekuti Chikamu 6(a) cheTSCA chinotaura kuti EPA inofanira "kushandisa zvinodiwa kubvisa njodzi dzisina musoro kusvika padanho rinodiwa kuitira kuti kemikari kana musanganiswa usave nenjodzi dzakadaro." Kana WCPP neECEL ichidzivirira hutano nenharaunda, sezvinokurudzirwa neEPA, zvinoita sekunge kurambidzwa kwekushandiswa kumwe kunopfuura mutemo we "danho rekudikanwa". Kunyangwe kana WCPP ichidzivirira, kurambidzwa kuripo kwekushandiswa kwevatengi kuchiri kwakakodzera nekuti vatengi vangasakwanisa kuratidza nekunyora kutevedzera mitemo yekuchengetedza muWCPP. Kune rumwe rutivi, kana nzvimbo yebasa ikagona kuratidza nekunyora kutevedzera zvinodiwa neWCPP, saka zvingangoita kuti kushandiswa kwakadaro kunofanira kuramba kuchibvumidzwa.
Sechikamu chezvinodiwa zveWCPP, EPA yakati yaizoda "kutevedzera Good Laboratory Practice [GLP] 40 CFR Chikamu 792". Chinodiwa ichi hachienderane nemabasa mazhinji ekutarisa nzvimbo yebasa anoitwa zvichienderana neIndustrial Hygiene Laboratory Accreditation Program (IHLAP). Zvinotarisirwa neEPA zvekuyedzwa kweGLP kwekutarisa nzvimbo yebasa zvinoenderana nemirairo yekuedza yakapihwa muna 2021, asi kwete mirairo yayo yemvumo. Semuenzaniso, template yemirairo yeEPA TSCA Section 5(e) inotsanangura zvinotevera muChikamu III.D:
Zvisinei, kutevedzera TSCA GLP hakudiwi muchikamu chitsva ichi cheChemical Exposure Limits, uko nzira dzekuongorora dzinosimbiswa nerabhoritari inotenderwa ne: American Industrial Hygiene Association (“AIHA”) Industrial Hygiene Laboratory Accreditation Program (“IHLAP”) kana chimwe chirongwa chakafanana chakatenderwa neEPA.
EPA yakakumbira mashoko pamusoro pezvimwe zvinhu zviri mumutemo wakarongwa, izvo B&C inokurudzira kuti mapato angangokanganiswa afunge nezvazvo. Semuenzaniso, EPA iri kukurukura nezvesimba riri pasi peTSCA Chikamu 6(g) rekupa mvumo yenguva yakatarwa yekushandiswa kwemamwe mamiriro akadai sendege dzehurumende, uye EPA inoti kutevedzera zvinodiwa zvakarongwa "kunokanganisa zvakanyanya ... zvivakwa zvakakosha." "Tinocherechedza kuti kuregeredzwa uku kuchasanganisira kutevedzera WCPP. Saizvozvowo, kana WCPP ichidzivirira uye nzvimbo yacho ichigona kutevedzera WCPP (semuenzaniso ECEL 2 parts per million (ppm) uye muganho wenguva pfupi wekusvibiswa (STEL) parts 16 pa million), izwi iri rinoita serinopfuura zvinodiwa kuchengetedzwa kwehutano nezvakatipoteredza. Tinotenda kuti kuregeredzwa kuchashandiswa kana dziviriro dzisina kukwana kugadzirisa njodzi uye kurambidzwa kwaizokanganisa zvakanyanya zvikamu zvakakosha (senge kudzivirira, ndege, zvivakwa) zveEPA. Zvinoita sekuti pane nzira yakafanana neEU Regulation on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), umo zvinhu zvine njodzi zvicharambidzwa kunyangwe matanho ekuchengetedza akakwana, mune zvese zviitiko zvishoma. Kunyangwe nzira iyi ingave inofarirwa nevanhu vose, asi mumaonero edu, haisviki pamurairo weChikamu 6 cheEPA. Dai Congress yaizochinja TSCA kuti ishande seREACH, Congress yaizogamuchira modhi iyoyo, asi zviri pachena kuti haina.
EPA inotaura nezvepepa ra2022 rine musoro unoti "Kuongororwa Kwemamwe Mashandisirwo Ekushandisa Dichloromethane" (referensi 40 mumutemo wakarongwa) mumutemo wese wakarongwa. Zvichibva pakuongorora uku, EPA yakati "yakaona zvigadzirwa zvine zvinhu zvine mwero wekuongorora njodzi wakaderera pane dichloromethane uye zvimwe zvinhu zvine mwero wekuongorora njodzi wakakwira kupfuura dichloromethane (referensi 40)". Panguva yekutaura uku, EPA haina kuisa gwaro iri kuRulemaking Checklist, uye EPA haina kuriisa padhatabhesi rayo reHutano neNzvimbo Inotsvagurudza (HERO) repamhepo. Pasina kuongorora ruzivo rwegwaro iri, hazvigoneke kuongorora kukodzera kwezvimwe zvinoshandiswa pakushandisa kwega kwega. Zvimwe zvinoshandiswa pakubvisa pendi zvinogona kusashanda sezvinonyungudutsa, zvakaita sezvinoshandiswa kuchenesa zvikamu zvemagetsi zvinonzwa zviri mundege.
Tataura nezvekushaikwa kwemagwaro ari pamusoro apa nekuti masangano akanganiswa nekurambidzwa kweEPA kwakarongwa achada ruzivo urwu kuti aone kuti dzimwe nzira dzinogona kushandiswa sei, kuongorora njodzi dzinogona kushandiswa dzedzimwe nzira dzakakodzera (dzinogona kutungamira kumatanho ekutonga eTSCA mune ramangwana), uye kugadzirira maonero everuzhinji. . Tinoona kuti US EPA iri kukurukura nyaya dzakadai se "dzimwe nzira" mumutemo wayo we chrysotile, unosanganisira chinangwa cheUS EPA chekurambidza kushandiswa kwechrysotile muma diaphragm anoshandiswa muindasitiri ye chlor-alkali. EPA inobvuma kuti "mamwe matekinoroji e diaphragm ane asbestos mukugadzirwa kwe chlor-alkali ane huwandu hwakakwira hwe perfluoroalkyl uye polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) zvichienzaniswa nehuwandu hwePFAS compounds dziri muma diaphragm ane asbestos," asi haienderere mberi nekuenzanisa njodzi dzinogona kushandiswa nedzimwe nzira.
Pamusoro penyaya dzekutarisira njodzi dziri pamusoro apa, tinotenda kuti ongororo yeUS Environmental Protection Agency yenjodzi dzinogona kuitika dzine chekuita ne dichloromethane ichiri nemikana mikuru yepamutemo. Sezvakakurukurwa mugwaro redu raMbudzi 11, 2022, EPA inogara ichitaura nezvekushandisa kwayo gwaro ra2018 rine musoro unoti "Kushandisa Kuongororwa Kwakarongeka kuTSCA Risk Assessment" ("2018 SR Document") sehwaro hwekuita mabasa ayo. Chinodiwa ichi chinoshandisa data resainzi rakanakisa riripo uye humbowo hwesainzi sezvakatsanangurwa muChikamu 26(h) uye (i) cheTSCA zvakateerana. Semuenzaniso, EPA inotaura mumutemo wayo wakarongwa pamethylene chloride kuti:
EPA inoona dichloromethane ECEL senzira yakanakisisa yesainzi inowanikwa pasi peTSCA Chikamu 26(h) nekuti yakabva paruzivo rwakawanikwa kubva muongororo yengozi yedichloromethane ya2020, iyo yakakonzerwa neongororo dzakanyatsorongeka dzakaitwa kuti dzione chero migumisiro yakaipa pahutano. [isa mutsetse pasi]
Sezvatakanyora kare, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM) yakaongorora gwaro reSR ra2018 mushure mekukumbirwa neEPA ndokugumisa kuti:
Maitiro eOPPT ekuongorora kwakarongeka haaratidzi chokwadi chaicho, [uye] OPPT inofanira kufungazve nezvemaitiro ayo ekuongorora kwakarongeka uye kufunga nezvemashoko nemazano ari mumushumo uyu.
Vaverengi vanoyeuchidzwa kuti TSCA Chikamu 26(h) chinoda kuti EPA iite sarudzo zvichienderana nesainzi yakanakisa iripo zvichienderana neTSCA Zvikamu 4, 5, uye 6, zvinosanganisira maprotocol uye nzira dzakadai seongororo dzakarongeka. Pamusoro pezvo, kushandiswa kweEPA kwegwaro reSR ra2018 mukuongorora kwayo kwekupedzisira kwengozi ye dichloromethane kunopawo kusava nechokwadi pamusoro pekutevedzera kweEPA zvinodiwa neuchapupu hwesainzi zvakatarwa muChikamu 26(i) cheTSCA, icho EPA inoronga se "nzira yekuongorora yakarongeka" yeuchapupu kana nenzira yakatarwa. …”
Mitemo miviri yakarongwa neEPA pasi peTSCA Chikamu 6(a), chinoti Chrysotile neMethylene Chloride, inotara mitemo yemitemo yeEPA yekutarisira njodzi yemakemikari gumi asara ayo EPA inoona seane njodzi dzisina musoro. Mamwe mazano anoshandiswa mukuongorora njodzi kwekupedzisira. Maindasitiri anoshandisa zvinhu izvi anofanira kugadzirira kurambidzwa kuri kuuya, WCPP, kana kuregererwa kwenguva pfupi kunoda kutevedzera WCPP. B&C inokurudzira kuti vane chekuita neizvi vaongorore mutemo wemethylene chloride wakarongwa, kunyangwe kana vaverengi vasingashandise methylene chloride, uye vape mhinduro dzakakodzera, vachiziva kuti sarudzo dzekutarisira njodzi dzemethylene chloride dzinogona kuve chikamu chemamwe mitemo yeEPA yeramangwana. Makemikoro ane ongororo yekupedzisira yenjodzi (semuenzaniso 1-bromopropane, carbon tetrachloride, 1,4-dioxane, perchlorethylene uye trichlorethylene).
Chiziviso: Nekuda kwehunhu hwekuvandudzwa uku, ruzivo rwuri pano runogona kusashanda mumamiriro ese ezvinhu, uye harufanirwe kushandiswa pasina zano repamutemo rakanangana nemamiriro ako chaiwo.
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