Musi wa3 Chivabvu, 2023, EPA yakaburitsa mutemo weChikamu 6(a) Chekudzora Zvinhu Zvine Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) wekutarisira njodzi unoisa zvirambidzo pakugadzirwa, kupinzwa, kugadziriswa, kugoverwa, uye kushandiswa kwe dichloromethane. solvent yakashandiswa mukushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kwevatengi nekutengeserana. Uyu ndiwo mutemo wekutanga weEPA wekutarisira njodzi kubvira payakaburitsa tsananguro yenjodzi yakagadziriswa gore rapfuura zvichibva pa "nzira yayo itsva yemakemikari" uye mutemo unorayira vashandi kuti vasapfeke midziyo yekudzivirira (PPE). . Izvi zvinoratidzawo kuwedzera kukuru kwemitemo inorambidzwa inoshanda kumakemikari atove pasi pezvirambidzo zveTSCA pakutarisira njodzi, kunyangwe zvirambidzo izvozvo zvaive zvakanyanya pasi pehurongwa hwekare hweEPA hwekutarisira njodzi.
EPA inokurudzira kurambidza kugadzirwa, kugadziriswa uye kugoverwa kwe dichloromethane mumabhizimisi kuti ishandiswe pamba; kurambidza kushandiswa kwakawanda kwe dichloromethane mumaindasitiri nemabhizimisi; inoda kuti hurongwa hwekuchengetedza makemikari munzvimbo yebasa (WCPP) hurambe huchishanda uye hupe nguva yakatarwa yekusashandiswa zvakanyanya zvichienderana neTSCA Chikamu 6(g) chekushandiswa kwemethylene chloride izvo zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya kuchengetedzeka kwenyika nezvivakwa zvakakosha. Vane chekuita nazvo vane kusvika Chikunguru 3, 2023 kuti vataure nezvemutemo wakarongwa.
Mukupa mazano ekugadzirisa njodzi dze dichloromethane, EPA yakaona kuti kushandiswa kakawanda kwechinhu ichi mukushandiswa kwevatengi, mabhizimisi, uye maindasitiri kunoda matanho ekutonga, kunyanya kurambidzwa, sezvakaratidzwa muTafura 3 yemutemo wakarongwa. Mazhinji emamiriro aya ekushandisa anosanganisira, asi haasi kungogumira, kushandiswa kwemethylene chloride mumaindasitiri nemabhizimisi pakuchenesa zvinonyungudutsa, pendi nependi (uye kushambidza), kubvisa mafuta nemhepo, zvinonamira, zvinonamira, zvinonamira, zvinonamira, machira nejira, uye zvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza mota. , mafuta nemafuta, zvinodzivirira mapaipi, kubhoorera mafuta negasi, matoyi, midziyo yemitambo, uye zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki nerabha. EPA yakaonawo kuti kushandiswa kwese kwe dichloromethane nevatengi kwakaongororwa kunofanira kurambidzwa.
EPA inoti zvinodiwa nechirongwa ichi zvinorambidza kushandiswa kunosanganisira chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chekugadzirwa kwegore negore (TSCA uye kushandiswa kusiri kweTSCA) kwemethylene chloride inogadzirwa, "zvichisiya masheya akakwana ekupa kwainobva EPA inokurudzira." Kuenderera mberi nekushandiswa Uku kushandiswa kwakakosha kana kwekutanga kunoitwa kuburikidza neCritical Use Exemption kana WCPP.
Kana EPA yangoona kuti chimwe chinhu chine njodzi isingakoshi yekukuvadza hutano hwevanhu kana nharaunda mukuongorora kwayo njodzi, inofanira kupa zvinodiwa pakutarisira njodzi kusvika padanho rinodiwa kuitira kuti chinhu chacho chisave nenjodzi dzakadaro. Pakuisa mitemo yekutarisira njodzi pamakemikari, EPA inofanira kufunga nezvemigumisiro yemutemo uyu mune zvemari, kusanganisira mari nemabhenefiti, kushanda zvakanaka kwemutengo, uye kukanganisa kwemutemo uyu pahupfumi, mabhizinesi madiki, uye hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji. Pane dzimwe nzira dzinoshanda pahunyanzvi uye mune zvemari.
EPA inokurudzira kurambidzwa kunotevera kushandiswa kwemethylene chloride uye mazuva ayo ekutanga kushanda:
EPA yakaunzawo zvinodiwa zvekuzivisa nekuchengetedza zvinyorwa zvemakambani anopa methylene chloride kuvatengi.
Kushandiswa kwe dichloromethane kubvisa pendi nependi kuti zvishandiswe nevatengi hakuna kuverengerwa mukurambidzwa uku, sezvo kushandiswa uku kwatove kwakafukidzwa nemutemo weEPA wekugadzirisa njodzi wakapihwa muna 2019, uyo wakanyorwa mu40 CFR § 751.101.
Chikamu 6(g) cheTSCA chinobvumira EPA kusunungura dzimwe nzira kubva pane zvinodiwa nemutemo wekutarisira njodzi pakushandiswa kwakakosha kana kwakakosha uko EPA inoona kuripo. Inobvumirawo kuregeredzwa kana EPA ikaona kuti kutevedzera chinodiwa ichi kuchakonzera kukuvara kukuru kuhupfumi hwenyika, kuchengetedzeka kwenyika, kana zvivakwa zvakakosha. US Environmental Protection Agency inokurudzira kuregeredzwa kushandiswa kwakakosha kwemethylene chloride mune zvinotevera:
EPA yakaronga WCPP yekushandisa dichloromethane inobvumidzwa inosanganisira zvinodiwa zvakakwana zvekudzivirira vashandi kubva pakusangana nenjodzi, kusanganisira dziviriro yekufema, kushandisa PPE, kutarisa kusvibiswa, kudzidziswa, uye nzvimbo dzinodzorwa. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti EPA yakaronga muganho wekushandiswa kwemakemikari (ECEL) wehuwandu hwe methylene chloride mumhepo huri pamusoro pezvikamu zviviri pamiriyoni (ppm) zvichibva paavhareji yenguva inorema maawa masere (TWA), iyo yakaderera zvakanyanya pane OSHA's Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) ye dichloromethane iri 25 ppm. Chikamu chekushanda chakarongwa chingave hafu yehuwandu hweECEL, izvo zvaizotanga mamwe mabasa ekutarisa kuti vashandi vasasangana nenjodzi dziri pamusoro peECEL. EPA inokurudzirawo kuisa muganho wekushandiswa kwenguva pfupi (EPA STEL) we16 ppm mukati menguva yekutora sampuli kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu.
Panzvimbo pekurambidzwa, EPA inopa zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza vashandi pasi pemamiriro anotevera ekushandisa:
Kugadzira: Semushonga unoshanda. Cherechedza kuti EPA inobvumira kushandiswa uku kuramba kuripo pasi peWCPP nekuti inofunga kuti huwandu hwakawanda hwe dichloromethane hunodzokororwa kushandiswa uku, hunenge hwese hunoshandiswa kugadzira HFC-32. HFC-32 ndeimwe yezvinhu zvinodzorwa pasi peAmerican Innovation and Manufacturing Act (AIM Act) ya2020. EPA inotarisira kuti nekupa HFC-32 mvumo, mutemo uyu hauzotadzise kuedza kuderedza kupisa kwenyika.
Kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri kana kwekutengeserana kubvisa pendi nependi kubva mundege dzinochengetedza ngura uye zvinhu zvemuchadenga zvine kana zvinofambiswa neUS Department of Defense, NASA, Homeland Security, neFederal Aviation Administration, sangano, kana sangano rinoita mabasa ekugadzira makontrakita munzvimbo, rinodzorwa nesangano kana kontrakita wesangano.
Kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri kana kwekutengeserana sechinamira che acrylic ne polycarbonate mumotokari dzehondo nedzemuchadenga dzinokosheswa nebasa, kusanganisira kugadzira mabhatiri emhando yepamusoro kana makondirakiti emakambani.
Vane chekuita neizvi vanogadzira, vanogadzirisa, vanogovera, kana kushandisa methylene chloride chero nzvimbo yekushandiswa yakaongororwa neEPA vanogona kufarira kutaura nezvezvinhu zvakawanda zvemutemo uyu wekugadzirisa zvinhu. Mapato anofarira anogona kufunga nezvekubatsira muEPA munzvimbo dzinotevera:
Kuongorora Maitiro Ekutarisira Njodzi Pamamiriro Ekushandisa: Vane chekuita nekushandisa vanogona kuda kuongorora kana zvinodiwa zvekutarisira njodzi pamamiriro ese ekushandisa zvinoenderana nekuongorora njodzi kweEPA kwemethylene chloride pamamiriro ese ekushandisa uye EPA. ™ Masimba emutemo pasi peChikamu 6 cheTSCA. Semuenzaniso, kana EPA ikaona kuti kusangana neganda kumethylene chloride pasi pemamwe mamiriro ekushandisa kune njodzi isina musoro, uye kana EPA ichida zvinopfuura kudzivirirwa kweganda kuderedza njodzi, vane chekuita nekushandisa vanogona kuda kuongorora kukodzera kwezvinodiwa zvakadaro.
Mari: EPA inofungidzira kuti mari dzinowedzera dzisina kuvharwa dzine chekuita nemutemo uyu dziri pamadhora mamiriyoni gumi nematatu nehafu ($13.2 miriyoni) mumakore makumi maviri pamutengo we3% uye mamiriyoni gumi nemana neshanu ($14.5 miriyoni) mumakore makumi maviri pamutengo we7%. Vane chekuita nemutemo uyu vanogona kuda kuongorora kana mari idzi dzakatarwa dzichifukidza zvese zvekushandisa mutemo uyu, kusanganisira mutengo wekugadzirisazve mutemo (kurambidzwa kushandiswa) kana kutevedzera mitemo yeWCPP kuti ibvumidze kushandiswa nguva dzose, kusanganisira kutevedzera ECEL 2 ppm.
Zvinodiwa neWCPP: Pamamiriro ekushandisa ayo EPA inokurudzira kurambidza, vane chekuita nekushandisa vanogona kuongorora kana vaine ruzivo runotsigira kutevedzera WCPP izvo zvinoderedza zvakakwana kuratidzwa panzvimbo pekurambidza (kunyanya kune mamiriro ekushandisa uko EPA inokurudzira WCPP senzira yekutanga, yakakurudzirwa mumutemo wakarongwa. Dzimwe nzira dzekurambidza muVane chekuita nekushandisa vanogonawo kuda kuongorora kugona kwezvinodiwa neWCPP uye kufunga nezvekutevedzera mwero weOSHA wemethylene chloride.
Nguva: Vane chekuita nechirongwa ichi vanogona kufunga kana chirongwa chekurambidza chakarongwa chichikwanisika uye kana mamwe mashandisirwo achikodzera kutariswa kuti abvumidzwe kushandiswa kwenguva yakatarwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemutemo zvekuregererwa kushandiswa zvakanyanya.
Zvimwe: Vane chekuita nazvo vanogona kutaura nezvekuongorora kweEPA dzimwe nzira dzinotsiva methylene chloride uye kuona kana paine dzimwe nzira dzakachengeteka uye dzinodhura zvishoma pane kushandisa zvakarambidzwa pasi pemutemo uyu.
Matanho Mashoma: EPA yakakumbira zvakananga kuti pave nepfungwa pamusoro pehuwandu hwezvivako zvinogona kutadza kushanda pamwe nemari inobatanidzwa, uye inorambidza kushandiswa kwe dichloromethane pasi pemamwe mamiriro ekushandiswa kwemaindasitiri nemabhizimisi akatarwa mumutemo wakarongwa. EPA inodawo kutaura kana mazinga mashoma emethylene chloride (semuenzaniso 0.1% kana 0.5%) mune mamwe maitiro ekushandiswa kwemaindasitiri nemabhizimisi kwenguva refu achifanira kufungwa nezvawo pakupedzisa kurambidzwa, uye kana zvakadaro, mazinga api anofanira kuonekwa seashoma.
Chitupa neKudzidziswa: Muchikumbiro chayo, EPA yakatsanangura kuti yakafungawo nezvedanho rekuti zvitupa nezvirongwa zvekuwana zvakaganhurirwa zvinorambidza kushandiswa kwemethylene chloride kune vashandisi vakadzidziswa uye vane marezenisi kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti vamwe vashandi vemafekitori chete ndivo vanogona kutenga nekushandisa dichloromethane. Vane chekuita nazvo vanogona kuda kutaura kana zvirongwa zvechitupa nekudzidzisa zvingave zvichishanda mukuderedza kubatwa kwevashandi senzira yekugadzirisa njodzi pasi pemamwe mamiriro ekushandisa, kusanganisira mamiriro ekushandisa ayo EPA inokurudzira kurambidza.
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