Formate inogona kuonekwa semusana we bioeconomy isina kabhoni, inogadzirwa kubva kuCO2 uchishandisa nzira dzemakemikari (electro) uye inoshandurwa kuita zvigadzirwa zvinowedzera kukosha uchishandisa enzyme cascades kana ma microorganisms akagadziriswa. Danho rakakosha mukuwedzera kusanganiswa kwe synthetic formate kuderedza kwayo formaldehyde, iyo inoonekwa sekuchinja kweruvara rweyero. Chikwereti: Institute of Terrestrial Microbiology Max Planck/Geisel.
Masayendisiti epaMax Planck Institute vakagadzira nzira yekugadzira metabolic iyo inoshandura carbon dioxide kuita formaldehyde nerubatsiro rwe formic acid, zvichipa nzira isina carbon-neutral yekugadzira zvinhu zvinokosha.
Nzira itsva dze anabolic dzekuisa carbon dioxide mumhepo hadzingobatsiri chete kuderedza huwandu hwe carbon dioxide mumhepo, asi dzinogonawo kutsiva kugadzirwa kwemakemikari echinyakare emishonga nezvinhu zvinoshanda nemaitiro e carbon-neutral biological. Tsvagiridzo itsva inoratidza maitiro ayo formic acid inogona kushandiswa kushandura carbon dioxide kuita chinhu chinokosha kuindasitiri ye biochemical.
Zvichienderana nekuwanda kwemhepo inoburitsa magasi ari kudziya pasi, kutorwa kwekabhoni kana kutorwa kwekabhoni dhayokisaidhi kubva kuzvinhu zvikuru zvinoburitsa magasi inyaya huru. Muzvisikwa, kutorwa kwekabhoni dhayokisaidhi kwave kuripo kwemamiriyoni emakore, asi simba rayo harina kukwana kutsiva kubudiswa kwemhepo nevanhu.
Vaongorori vanotungamirwa naTobias Erb weInstitute of Terrestrial Microbiology. Max Planck anoshandisa maturusi echisikigo kugadzira nzira itsva dzekugadzirisa kabhoni dioxide. Iye zvino vabudirira mukugadzira nzira yekugadzira metabolic inogadzira formaldehyde inoshanda zvakanyanya kubva kuformic acid, iyo inogona kunge iri pakati pe artificial photosynthesis. Formaldehyde inogona kupinda zvakananga munzira dzinoverengeka dze metabolic kuti igadzire zvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha pasina chepfu. Sezvineiwo nemaitiro echisikigo, zvinhu zviviri zvikuru zvinodiwa: simba nekabhoni. Chekutanga chinogona kupihwa kwete chete nechiedza chezuva chakananga, asiwo nemagetsi - semuenzaniso, solar modules.
Muchikamu chemutengo, manyuko ekabhoni anosiyana-siyana. Kabhoni dhayokisaidhi haisiriyo yega sarudzo pano, tiri kutaura nezvezvinhu zvese zvekabhoni (C1 building blocks): kabhoni monoxide, formic acid, formaldehyde, methanol nemethane. Zvisinei, zvinhu izvi zvese zvine chepfu yakawanda, kune zvipenyu (carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, methanol) uye kune pasi (methane segasi rinopisa). Inongova mushure mekunge formic acid yabviswa kuita formate yayo apo tupukanana twakawanda tunotsungirira kuwanda kwayo kwakanyanya.
"Formic acid inzvimbo inovimbisa zvikuru yekuburitsa kabhoni," anosimbisa Maren Nattermann, munyori wekutanga wechidzidzo ichi. "Asi kuishandura kuita formaldehyde in vitro kunoda simba rakawanda." Izvi zvinodaro nekuti formate, munyu weformate, hauchinjike nyore kuita formaldehyde. "Pane chipingamupinyi chakakomba chemakemikari pakati pemamorekuru maviri aya, uye tisati taita reaction chaiyo, tinofanira kuikunda nerubatsiro rwesimba rebiochemical - ATP."
Chinangwa chevaongorori chaive chekutsvaga nzira isingadhuri zvakanyanya. Pamusoro pezvose, simba shoma rinodiwa kuti kabhoni iite metabolism, simba rakawanda rinogona kushandiswa kukurudzira kukura kana kugadzirwa. Asi hakuna nzira yakadaro muzvisikwa. "Kuwanikwa kweanonzi ma enzymes ehybrid ane mabasa akawanda kwaida hunyanzvi," anodaro Tobias Erb. "Zvisinei, kuwanikwa kwema enzymes akakosha ingori kutanga. Tiri kutaura nezvemaitiro anogona kuverengerwa pamwe chete nekuti anononoka zvikuru—mune dzimwe nguva, pane mashoma pane reaction imwe chete pasekondi pa enzyme. Maitiro echisikigo anogona kuenderera mberi nekukurumidza zvakapetwa chiuru." Apa ndipo panopinda biochemistry yekugadzira, anodaro Maren Nattermann: "Kana uchiziva chimiro uye mashandiro e enzyme, unoziva pekupindira. Zvave zvichibatsira zvikuru."
Kugadzirisa ma enzyme kunosanganisira nzira dzakasiyana-siyana: kuchinjana kwema building block, kugadzira shanduko dzisina kurongeka, uye kusarudza kugona. "Zvese formate ne formaldehyde zvakakodzera nekuti zvinogona kupinda mumadziro emasero. Tinogona kuwedzera formate kune masero ekugadzira, iyo inogadzira enzyme inoshandura formaldehyde inobuda kuita dhayi yero isina chepfu mushure memaawa mashoma," akadaro Maren. Nattermann akatsanangura.
Mhedzisiro munguva pfupi yakadaro ingadai isina kuitika pasina kushandisa nzira dzepamusoro-soro. Kuti vaite izvi, vaongorori vakashanda pamwe chete nemubatsiri weindasitiri Festo muEsslingen, Germany. "Mushure mekuchinja-chinja kanenge zviuru zvina, takawedzera goho redu zvakapetwa kane," anodaro Maren Nattermann. "Saka, takagadzira hwaro hwekukura kwemuenzaniso we microorganism E. coli, hutachiona hunoshanda hwe biotechnology, pa formic acid. Zvisinei, panguva ino, masero edu anogona kungogadzira formaldehyde chete uye haagone kuramba achichinja."
Vachishanda pamwe chete nemumwe wake Sebastian Wink kubva kuInstitute of Plant Molecular Physiology. Vaongorori veMax Planck vari kugadzira mhando yemakemikari inogona kutora zvinhu zviri pakati nepakati uye kuzviisa muchikamu chepakati chemetabolism. Panguva imwe chete, timu iri kuita tsvakiridzo pamusoro pekushandurwa kwe electrochemical kwe carbon dioxide kuita formic acid neboka rinoshanda paInstitute of Chemical Energy Conversion. Max Planck achitungamirirwa naWalter Leitner. Chinangwa chenguva refu "puratifomu imwe chete" kubva ku carbon dioxide inogadzirwa ne electrobiochemical processes kuenda kuzvigadzirwa zvakaita se insulin kana biodiesel.
Referensi: Maren Nattermann, Sebastian Wenk, Pascal Pfister, Hai He, Seung Hwang Lee, Witold Szymanski, Nils Guntermann, Faiying Zhu “Kuvandudzwa kwenzira itsva yekushandura phosphate-dependent formate kuita formaldehyde in vitro uye in vivo”, Lennart Nickel. , Charlotte Wallner, Jan Zarzycki, Nicole Pachia, Nina Gaisert, Giancarlo Francio, Walter Leitner, Ramon Gonzalez, naTobias J. Erb, Chivabvu 9, 2023, Nature Communications.DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38072-w
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